| Welcome |
Welcome to my plant pictures site.
This site contains my botanical collection pictures from Belgium, Cambodia, Dominica, Germany, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Finland, Jamaica, Martinique, The Netherlands, North Carolina, Saint Lucia, Scotland, Suriname, Sweden, Thailand, and from many Botanical Gardens.
You are welcome to use the pictures for presentations or teaching, but acknowledgement is appreciated. If you would like to publish (in paper or online) any of these images, please contact me for permission.
I hope these pictures will be enjoyed by both professional and amateur botanists, as well as all lovers of plants. Feel free to give me any feedback or correct any errors (nobody is perfect!). Help me keep this site accurate and up to date!
Become a member; its free! As a member you can access more albums and also upload your own images.
Botanical Greetings,
Maarten Christenhusz.
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Marattiaceae
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A family of ca 170 species divided over three larger genera: Angiopteris with ca. 60 species in East Asia, the Pacific and Madagascar; the neotropical genus Danaea with some 50 species and the pantropical Marattia with ca. 50 species. The smaller genera Archangiopteris, Macroglossum and Protomarattia all occur in Southeast Asia and have once all been included in Angiopteris from which they are not very distinct. The remaining species Christensenia aesculifolia is quite different from the other Marattiaceae, and should be placed in a separate family. Considering that this is the family I study, a little extra information is on its place.
Angiopteris or Elephant Ferns are indeed huge ferns, some species measuring leaves of over 7 m. long and 4 m. wide. They have bulky, globular rhizomes, with thick leathery ear-like stipules. Their sori (spore producing structures) are free. The leaves are twice feathered. Archangiopteris has once feathered alternate leaves and creeping rhizomes.
Marattia occurring in tropical mountain forests, also had large globular rhizomes, but its leaves can be twice to four times feathered and the sori are fused in a synangium, and cup shaped structure with pores. Danaea occurs only in the American tropics and has simple or once feathered leaves with opposite leaflets. It has synangia that cover the whole lower side of the fertile leaves. Although Danaea is usually much smaller then Angiopteris, there are species known with leaves of 3 m long. Rhizomes can be creeping or upright, and are usually smaller then those of Angiopteris.
115 files, last one added on Apr 16, 2006
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Ophioglossaceae
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The Moonworts or Adder’s Tongue family is a small family of about 80 species, occurring worldwide, from the arctic tundra’s to the tropical rainforests. They have a reduced root system, and usually only few shoots per plant. The shoot commonly bears a single leaf, which is divided in a fertile and a sterile part, which often look quite different. The largest genera are the Adder’s-Tongues: Ophioglossum (incl. Ophioderma, Cheiroglossa), with ca 30 species, and the Moonworts or Grape Ferns: Botrychium with about 25 species worldwide. Rests me to mention two monotypic genera: Helminthostachys zeylanica, from tropical Asia, tropical Australia and New Caledonia; and the recently discovered Mankyua chejuensis, endemic to Cheju Island, Korea.
22 files, last one added on Feb 04, 2006
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Osmundaceae
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The small and remarkable Royal Ferns are only some 25 species in three genera: Osmunda, with ca 15 species in the warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and two genera in the Australian-Pacific region, Leptopteris with 7 species and two species of Todea: T. papuana and T. barbara. The latter also occurs in South Africa, and thus shows a ‘Gondwana’ distribution. Morphologically the family seems intermediate between the eusporangiate ferns and leptosporangiate ferns, which also shows in the spore numbers per sporangium. Eusporangiates (having large thick walled sporangia), have thousands of spores per sporangium, the Osmundaceae have hundreds, where the Leptosporangiate ferns (having thin walled stalked sporangia) have usually 64, sometimes 32 spores per sporangium. The royal ferns have sporangia that are borne in clusters on short lobes, and are large and spherical, but with the walls only one cell layer thick. Some species have green spores, which need to stay humid. The plants usually grow in swamps, stream banks, and in the tropics in savannas.
31 files, last one added on Feb 03, 2006
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Gleicheniaceae
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This peculiar family of some 125 species in six genera (Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Gleichenella pectinata, Gleichenia, Sticherus, and Stromatopteris moniliformis), is strictly tropical. It occurs on disturbed areas, like roadsides, forest clear cuts, burned land and on old landslides. The common name Forking Fern is well chosen, because the leaves are usually dichotomously divided and sometimes several times branched, forming opposite fan-shaped leaflets. Many species also have indefinite growth-tips, and can form massive stands of scrambling stands. Some species like Dicranopteris flexuosa and Glechenella pectinata can be very invasive in natural savannas after burning, overgrowing everything else.
5 files, last one added on Feb 17, 2006
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Salviniaceae
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incl. Azollaceae.
The Floating Ferns contain two genera, that previously were both placed in separate families, but genetic evidence now shows that these should be placed in a single family. The genus Azolla is pantropical, but also occurs in temperate zones an counts 6 species. In East Asia these are important for fertilizing rice paddies. The genus Salvinia has 10 species, that can be found in ponds and lakes throughout the tropics. Two species, the molesting floting fern (Salvinia molesta), and the Mexican Azolla are very agressive invasive species. The floating ferns are heterosporous, meaning that, like Selaginellaceae, they produce two different sizes of spores; mega- and microspores.
link:The Azolla page.
5 files, last one added on Mar 24, 2006
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Marsileaceae
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The Clover Ferns are related to the Floating Ferns, and are also heterosporous, making mega- and microspores, that are encapsuled in hard sporocarps. There are three genera: Marsilea with ca 60 species occurring in tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide, and can be recognized by the leaves that have four ‘clover’-like leaflets. The monotypic Regnellidium diphyllum from temperate South America (only known from a few populations near the Brazil-Argentina border), resembles Marsilea, but is unique in having only two leaflets. The third genus Pilularia, with 5 species in temperate regions of both hemispheres, mostly resembles a small rush or grass. These minute plants resemble Marsilea but lack the leaflets completely. They can be found along nutrient poor shores.
8 files, last one added on Feb 12, 2006
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 | Gymnosperm (conifer) image galleryThe conifers or 'cone bearers' are woody trees or shrubs, ocurring worldwide in boreal, temperate and tropical zones of the world. Many species are evergreens and many are adapted to dryer climates, the most extreme being the odd Welwitschia, which only makes only two leaves during its entire life. However there are also species that prefer very wet places such as the swamp cypresses, Taxodium distichum, which with its stilt roots can collect air even though the soil is completely waterlogged or flooded and lacking all oxigen. These are just some examples of the fascinating world of Gymnosperms, and I hope you will enjoy them even more through my pictures. They are much more then just Christmas trees! Click the family name to find your conifer family of interest, or use the search function (above) to search by name. The conifer families included here are: Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Gnetaceae, Pinaceae, Phyllocladaceae, Podocarpaceae, Stangeriaceae, Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae, Zamiaceae. |
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 | Flowering plants image galleryIn these albums you can find pictures of flowering plants (Angiosperms) which I have either photographed in the wild or in (botanical) gardens around the world. You can click the families below to see the images, or use the search engine if you don't know the family. You can there search for genus names, common names (I am updating these regularly), and locality. This site is slowly growing into one of the largest plant-picture sites on the net! The albums are regularly updated, and new pictures are added, so please check your favorite ones occasionally. Enjoy my plant images! Acanthaceae, Aceraceae, Acoraceae, Actinidiaceae, Adoxaceae, Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, Alismataceae, Alliaceae, Aloeaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araceae, Araliaceae, Archaefructus, Arecaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Asteraceae, Balanophoraceae, Balsaminaceae, Batidaceae, Begoniaceae, Berberidaceae, Betulaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Bromeliaceae, Buddlejaceae, Butomaceae, Buxaceae, Cactaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Calochortaceae, Calycanthaceae, Campanulaceae, Cannabinceae, Capparidaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caricaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Casuarinaceae, Cecropiaceae, Celastraceae, Cephalotaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cistaceae, Clusiaceae, Colchicaceae, Combretaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convallariaceae, Convolvulaceae, Coriariaceae, Cornaceae, Costaceae, Crassulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyanastraceae, Cyclanthaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyrillaceae, Dianellaceae, Diapensiaceae, Didieraceae, Dilleniaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Dracaenaceae, Droseraceae, Ebenaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Empetraceae, Ericaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Fumariaceae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Goodeniaceae, Graminae, Grossulariaceae, Gunneraceae, Guttiferae, Haemodoraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Haloragaceae, Heliconiaceae, Hemerocallidaceae, Hernandiaceae, Hippocastaneaceae, Hostaceae, Humiriaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Illiciaceae, Iridaceae, Juglandaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceae, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Lauraceae, Lecythidaceae, Leguminosae, Lentibulariaceae, Liliaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Linaceae, Loasaceae, Lythraceae, Lobeliaceae, Magnoliaceae, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Mayacaceae, Melandraceae, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Menyanthaceae, Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myristicaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Musaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Nepenthaceae, Nitrariaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Palmae, Pandanaceae, Papaveraceae, Papilionaceae, Passifloraceae, Paulowniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Phormiaceae, Phrymaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Piperaceae, Pittosporaceae, Plantaginaceae, Platanaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Poaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygalaceae, Polygonaceae, Pontederiaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Proteaceae, Punicaceae, Pyrolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rapateaceae, Resedaceae, Restionaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Schisandraceae, Scrophulariaceae, Smilacaceae, Solanaceae, Solanaceae Source (ext. link), Stachyuraceae, Sterculiaceae, Strelitziaceae, Styracaceae, Theaceae, Theophrastaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Tricyrtidaceae, Tiliaceae, Trilliaceae, Tovariaceae, Trochodendraceae, Tropaeolaceae, Turneraceae, Typhaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Violaceae, Viscaceae, Winteraceae, Zingiberaceae, Zygophyllaceae.
External Links: International Plant Name Index -- Botanical Garden Conservation International -- Int. Code of Botanical Nomenclature -- TAMU Vascular Plant Image Gallery, Albion Plant Image Database -- Botanical Society of the British Isles -- Royal Horticultural Society -- De Border Plant Nursery. |
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 | MaartenThe personal album of Maarten. |
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